U.S. and Euro Area Monetary and Fiscal Interactions During the Pandemic: A Structural Analysis

U.S. and Euro Area Monetary and Fiscal Interactions During the Pandemic: A Structural Analysis
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Volume/Issue: Volume 2022 Issue 222
Publication date: November 2022
ISBN: 9798400219818
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Topics covered in this book

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Banks and Banking , Inflation , Economics- Macroeconomics , Money and Monetary Policy , Public Finance , Economics / General , Fiscal Policy , Monetary Policy , DSGE Model , inflation targeting in the U , S , , IMF working paper 22/222 , changes in the U , S , , Phillips curve , AIT gap , Inflation , Fiscal stimulus , Interest rate floor , Public investment spending , Central bank policy rate , Global , Western Hemisphere

Summary

This paper employs a two-country New Keynesian DSGE model to assess the macroeconomic impact of the changes in monetary policy frameworks and the fiscal support in the U.S. and euro area during the pandemic. Moving from a previous target of “below, but close to 2 percent” to a formal symmetric inflation targeting regime in the euro area or from flexible to average inflation targeting in the U.S. is shown to boost output and inflation in both regions. Meanwhile, the fiscal packages approved in the U.S. and the euro area, and a slower withdrawal of fiscal support in the euro area, have a similar impact on output and inflation as changing the monetary policy frameworks . Simultaneously implementing these policies is mutually reinforcing, but insufficient to fully explain the unexpected increase in core inflation during 2021.